Pump liner and packing therefor



E. L. RICK PUMP LINER AND PACKING THEREFOR Filed July 16, 1930 Dec. 22, 1.931.

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Patented Dec. 22, 1931 Pa'rlazrrr` OFFICE EDWARD L. RICK, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA PUMP LINER AND PACKING THEREFOR Application filed July 16,

l`his invention relates to pump liners and has for yits object a liner which can be made economically and of materials requiring sub-A stantially uniform metal sections which will give superior service, and whichmay be easlly replaced, together with the utilization of a packing element. cooperating with the liner to eiicieiitly seal it in place in the pump cylinder.

Liners heretofore have been made either of forgings or of castings which are recessed to provide for packing material. The use of forged liners has been limited to the larger diameter liners of thin uniform section. Forged liners which reduce the cylinder size to any great extent are diiiicult and expensive to produce. Consequently cast liners have been used for this purpose. Certain types of materials have been discovered which provide very hard wearing surfaces,

but which can be produced only in sections of comparative uniformity. This restricts their use in pump cylinders.

Furthermore, in present liner practice the liner is held in place by pressurefagainst the packing element. ln other words, pressure applied to pack the liner likewise holds the liner in position in the cylinder. As the packing material is essentially resilient, the

39 liner is not rigidly locked in the cylinder, and

consequently may move, wear, leak, and cut out. Such an action likewise will hammer the pump shoulders and injure the bore inthe pump cylinder.

It is an object of this invention to provide a pump liner specially suitable for oil field mud pump service or for handling gritty materials. which may be rigidly lock d in the cylinder by metal to metal contacthrough- 43 out, and the fluid pressure in the )ump isl utilized to maintain the packing tig it.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a liner in which the wearing parts may be constructed of wear resistant materials of high quality which can be of comparatively uniform thin section, held in place by heavier sections of less expensive material.

It is a further object of this invention to make a liner in which the wearing parts may be economically replaced with a minimum of 1930. Serial N0. 468,392.

labor. Other objects will be evident from the reading of the specifications and will be iinally pointed out in the claims. A Figure 1 shows the preferred formvof m liner and inder.

Figure 2 shows the liner of Figure 1 as removed from the cylinder.

y Figure 3 shows the liner'of Figure 1 and a modified form of packing element in a pump cylinder.

Figure 4 shows a modified iorm` of liner and packing element in a pump cylinder.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 2 in which 10 represents the water end of a pump in which is operating a piston 11 on a rod 12.

The pump is provided with bore 13 and couliterbore 14 for the reception of the liner 15. A cylinder head 16 closes the cylinder end. The liner 15 comprises a tubular body of substantially uniform section having a portion 17 of slightly enlarged outer diameter intermediate the ends 18 and 19. Adjacent to portion 17 the end 18 is screwethreaded as" as 20 for the reception of a ring 21. The ring 21 abuts against the face 22 of the portion 17 and extends radially therebeyond, centering the liner 15 Within the counterbore 14, and restraining the liner against longitudinal motion by its shouldering against the counterbore shoulder 14a on the pump. It will be apparent that the ring could center as well in the bore 13 by means of the portion 13a of the ring 21, which is of reduced diameter. The ring 21 is provided with fiuid passages 23 which extend through it in a substantially axial direction. A second ring 24 packing element in a pump cy is adapted to freely slip over the end 19 to bear against the opposite face 25 of the portion 17 and to likewise extend beyond it and to closely iit within the counterbore 14. The ring 24 has fluid passages 26 extending through it in an axial direction.

The annular recess formed between the rings 21 and 24 is iitted with an annular pack- 9 ing element 27 of resilient material such asl rubber which is of channel section. The

flanges are in-turned to form a pair of opposed annular ianges 28 extending inwardly from the main bodyof the ring at the ends thereof. lThese flanges normally overlie and close the passages 23 and 26. 'Ihe inner portions of the flanges 28 are extended axially inward to form lips 28a.

A set screw 29 extends through the head 16 and holds the liner in place by pressure `against the Aouter face 30 of the ring 24. It is locked by lock-nut 31. It will be seen that the 'set screw 29 carries its pressure through the ring 24, and face to the body portion 17, and thence through the face 22 to the ring 21 which bears against the shoulder 14a of the pump cylinder. The set screw pressure therefore holds the liner rigidly by metal to metal contact to the cylinder. A gasket 33 is interposed between the ring 21 and the shoulder 14a if it is desired to seal between these surfaces independently of the packing rubber.

With the construction described and shown the flanges 28 of the packing element act as valves for the passages through the rings to retain a body of fluid under pressure within the annular recess 27 inclosed by the packing element 27 and the liner 17. As the pressure at either end exceeds the pressure retained, fluid willr pass through one of the passages 23 or 26, force the adjacent flange 28 inward to equalize the pressure. At the same vtime the pressure within the recess 27` 27a is disposed between the rings 21 and 24.

This packing element comprises an annular ring of resilient material such as rubber havingv` annular grooves cut in each of its lateral faces as at 34. These grooves are opposite the circle of the fluid passages 23 and 26.

It will thus be seen that fluid pressure from the end of the cylinder which is under pressure will pass through the passages in the ring exposed to that end, enter the respective groove 34 in the packing element and expand the annular lip 35 on the outer diameter of the packing element against the pump cylinder in the bore 14, and the lip 36 on lthe inner circumference against the pump liner body 15. l

In Figure 4 is shown a further modification of both liner and rubber in which the liner 15a comprises a tubular body of reduced outer diameter at the inner end 18a and enlarged diameter at the outer end 19a, there being a shoulder 22a formed at the junction of the two-diameters, against which a ring 21a'l is threaded on the threads 20a. In this case the packing element 276 comprises a plain annular ring of resilient material and the ring 24al slides freely over the outer diameter 0f the end 19a, and pressure by the set screw 29 serves the dual purpose of holding the liner in place against the packing 276 and comv pression of the packing 27 b to maintain a fuid tight seal.

It will thus be noticed that in all the forms illustrated the liner is shouldered and positively supported at the central portion thereof. It will further be noticed that behind the ring 21 is formed a packing recess for the reception of packing material. It will also be seen that in all cases the ring 21 is both threaded and shouldered against the liner. It is not necessary that both the shouldering and threading be employed as either one in itself will accomplish the desired purpose. A minimum amount of metal can be removed when the combination of shouldering and threading is employed, as by this method a multiple shoulder edect is given by the threads.

In the form shown in Figures 1 to 3 inclusive the liner is firmly seated and centered in the cylinder bore regardless of the packing material. The fluid is admitted to the packing element and the packingl becomes self sealing under pressure from either end of the cylinder. The packing element is provided with a recess to which fluid hasaccess so as to utilize fluid pressure to pack the liner within the cylinder.

In all of the forms shown only sufficient material is necessary for the body of the liner as will withstand the wear and pressure. Consequently high grade tube stock may be used with great economy even for the smallest diameter liners.

For the rings which retain the packing and the liner a material such as good cast iron or cast steel may be used, as it is not subjected to the wearing action of the piston or the cutting of the abrasive fluid pumped.

By such construction likewise a flexible resilient material such as rubber may be utilized for the packing in place ofthe hydraulic hemp and composition molded packing usually employed. The advantages of rubber in maintaining such a seal are well known.

The inner diameter of the rings 21 and 24 and the corresponding rings in the other modifications are a loose sliding lit on the mating outer diameter of the liner. The threads of the ring .21 may likewise be comparatively loose. Such fitting of the parts permits `the transfer of the rings to the next liner body and so the cost of replacement is greatly reduced. In the majority of cases the body alone must be replaced.

I-Iaving thus disclosed my invention I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A liner for pumps including a tubular body, opposed shoulders on the external s urface thereof, rings detachably mounted upon said body against said shoulders and holding means cooperating with said rings whereby said liner is fixed in said pump.

2. A liner as in claim 1 including a packing element between saidlrings.

5 3. A liner as in claim l including a packing e-lement between said rings, there being passages in said rings for the admission of fluid to said packing element.

4. A liner as in claim 1 including a packing element between said rings, said packing element forming with said body an enclosed fluid chamber, there being passages in said rings for the admission of'fluid to said packing element.

5. A liner as in claim l including an annular packing element between said rings, there being passages in said rings for the admission of fluid to said packing element.A 4

6. A linerv as in claim l including a packing element between said rings, said packing element forming with said body an enclosed fluid chamber and being adapted to prevent the passage of fluid out of the fluid chamber, there being passages in said rings for the admission of fluid to said packing element.

7 A liner as in claim 1 including a packing element between the rings, said ringshaving passages therethrough for the admission of fluid to said packing element, said packing element being adapted to close the passages in one of the rings While admitting fluid through the passages in the other ring.'

8. A liner for use in a pump cylinder having a bore and a shoulder therein including a tubular body, a ring mounted "thereon adapted to locate said body axially and longitudinally in said bore and against such pump cylinder shoulder, a second ring mounted on said body and fixed against longitudinal motion relative thereto in one direction, and holding means associated with. said pump adapted to hold said second. named ring` against longitudinal movement in the other direction. 9. A liner for use in pumps including a tubular body of substantially uniform section but having a slightly enlarged portiony rings on either side of said enlarged portion and extending radially therebeyond, means associated with said pump and cooperating with said rings whereby said liner is fixed within said pump.

l0. A liner for use in pumps including a tubular body of substantially uniform section but having a slightly enlarged portion rings on either side of said enlarged portionI and extending radially therebeyond, means associated with said pump and cooperating with said rings whereby said liner is fixed within said pump, and providing with said body an inclosed fluid reservoir.

11. A liner forpump cylinders comprising a tubular body member, having a substantially uniform section at either end, and an enlarged portion intermediate the ends, having oppositely directed shoulder faces, a ring mounted on said liner and adapted to bear against one of the faces of said collar, a second ring mounted on said liner and adapted to bear against the other face of said collar, both of said rings having fluid passages therethrough, an annular packing element adapted to surround the liner between said rings and having a peripheral surface adapted to bear against the cylinder walls and inwardly directed flanges at either end adapted toclose the fluid passages through said rings.

12. A pump liner, comprising a tubular body, having an intermediate external enlargement thereon, a ring screw-threaded against one side of such collar and a second ring fitting around such body and adapted to bear against the other shoulder of such collar, both such rings having fluid passages therethrough, an annular packing element comprising a ring of resilient material, having flange rings at either end directed inwardly; such packing element adapted to lie between said rings surrounding said liner and the flange rings thereof to overlie the fluid passages through said rings.

13. A liner for use in a pump cylinder including, a tubular body, opposed shoulders on the exterior of the body, rings detachably mounted on the body against the shoulders, holding means co-operatinCr with said rings whereby said liner is fixed in the pump, and a packing element between said rings, said rings having fluid passages therethrough for the admission of fluid to the packing element,

said packing element being adapted to close the passages in one of the rings while admitting fluid through the passages in the other ring, said other ring operating to locate the` body axially in the cylinder. t

14. A liner for use in a pump cylinder in cluding, a tubular body, opposed shoulders on the exterior of the body, rings detachably mounted on the body against the shoulders, holding means (zo-operating with said rings whereby said liner is vfixed in the pump, and a packing element between said rings expan4 sible under fluid pressure, said rings having fluid passages therethrough for the admission of fluid to the packing element, said packing element being adapted to close the passages in one of the rings while admitting fluid .through the passages in the other ring, said other ring operating to locate the body axially in the cylinder.

15. A liner for use in a pum-p cylinder including, a tubular body, opposed shoulders on the exterior of the body, rings detachably mounted on the body against the shoulders, holding means co-operating with said rings whereby said liner is fixed in the pump, and an annular packing, element surrounding the body between said shoulders, said rings having passages to admit fluid to the packing element.

16. In Combination with a pump having a cylinder opening with a shoulder therein, a liner in the cylinder opening having an external shoulder, a ring on the line-r to engage against the shoulder in the cylinder opening to hold the liner against longitudinal movement in one direction, a ring detachably mounted on the body to engage its shoulder, and means on the pump for clamping against the last mentioned ring to hold the liner against movement in the other direction.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this speciication.

EDWARD L. RICK. 

